{
 "colonnes": [
  {
   "cle": "ville",
   "libelle": "Ville"
  },
  {
   "cle": "pays",
   "libelle": "Pays"
  },
  {
   "cle": "operateur",
   "libelle": "Opérateur"
  },
  {
   "cle": "statut",
   "libelle": "Statut"
  },
  {
   "cle": "payant",
   "libelle": "Payant"
  }
 ],
 "lignes": [
  {
   "ville": "San Antonio",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "Waymo",
   "statut": "Ouvert à tous, sans conducteur",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://cleantechnica.com/2026/10/15/waymo-opens-to-everyone-in-san-antonio-san-diego-tampa/",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "San Diego",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "Waymo",
   "statut": "Ouvert à tous, sans conducteur",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://cleantechnica.com/2026/10/15/waymo-opens-to-everyone-in-san-antonio-san-diego-tampa/",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Tampa",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "Waymo",
   "statut": "Ouvert à tous, sans conducteur",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://cleantechnica.com/2026/10/15/waymo-opens-to-everyone-in-san-antonio-san-diego-tampa/",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Denver",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "Waymo",
   "statut": "Public, montée en charge, sans conducteur",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://waymo.com/blog/2026/09/ride-in-denver-san-diego-tampa/",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Las Vegas",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "Waymo",
   "statut": "Ouvert en septembre 2026, sans conducteur",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/09/17/amazon-owned-zooxs-100-robotaxi-limit-in-nevada-is-about-to-disappear/",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Las Vegas",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "Zoox",
   "statut": "Public, sans conducteur, véhicule sans volant",
   "payant": "oui, depuis août 2026",
   "source": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/09/17/amazon-owned-zooxs-100-robotaxi-limit-in-nevada-is-about-to-disappear/",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "San Francisco",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "Zoox",
   "statut": "Liste d'attente, sans conducteur",
   "payant": "non (permis à obtenir)",
   "source": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/09/17/amazon-owned-zooxs-100-robotaxi-limit-in-nevada-is-about-to-disappear/",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Austin",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "Tesla",
   "statut": "Sans superviseur sur une partie de la flotte ; Cybercab payant depuis le 03/09/2026",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://electrek.co/2026/09/15/nhtsa-tesla-cybercab-special-order-fmvss-certification/",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Dallas",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "Tesla",
   "statut": "Sans superviseur annoncé le 18/04/2026",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Robotaxi",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Houston",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "Tesla",
   "statut": "Sans superviseur annoncé le 18/04/2026",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Robotaxi",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Miami",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "Tesla",
   "statut": "Sans superviseur annoncé le 03/07/2026",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Robotaxi",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Orlando",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "Tesla",
   "statut": "Sans superviseur annoncé le 21/07/2026",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://www.teslarati.com/tesla-expands-unsupervised-robotaxi-service-two-new-cities/",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Tampa",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "Tesla",
   "statut": "Sans superviseur annoncé le 21/07/2026",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://www.teslarati.com/tesla-expands-unsupervised-robotaxi-service-two-new-cities/",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Baie de San Francisco",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "Tesla",
   "statut": "Conducteur de sécurité obligatoire (règles californiennes)",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Robotaxi",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Dubaï",
   "pays": "Émirats arabes unis",
   "operateur": "Baidu Apollo Go",
   "statut": "Sans conducteur ; dans Uber depuis le 20/08/2026 (Umm Suqeim, Jumeirah)",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://investor.uber.com/news-events/news/press-release-details/2026/Uber-Launches-Baidus-Fully-Driverless-Apollo-Go-in-Dubai-Establishing-the-First-Multi-Partner-Autonomous-Network-Globally/default.aspx",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Abou Dabi (île de Yas)",
   "pays": "Émirats arabes unis",
   "operateur": "Baidu Apollo Go + AutoGo",
   "statut": "Sans conducteur depuis le 17/01/2026",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://www.barchart.com/story/news/37095502/baidu-s-apollo-go-and-k2-s-autogo-commence-fully-autonomous-ride-hailing-service-on-yas-island-announce-phased-expansion-across-abu-dhabi",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Abou Dabi",
   "pays": "Émirats arabes unis",
   "operateur": "WeRide + Uber",
   "statut": "Sans conducteur depuis novembre 2025",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://investor.uber.com/news-events/news/press-release-details/2026/WeRide-and-Uber-to-Deploy-1200-Robotaxis-in-the-Middle-East-2026--kIzNfL9kh/default.aspx",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Dubaï",
   "pays": "Émirats arabes unis",
   "operateur": "WeRide + Uber",
   "statut": "Sans conducteur depuis avril 2026",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://investor.uber.com/news-events/news/press-release-details/2026/WeRide-and-Uber-to-Deploy-1200-Robotaxis-in-the-Middle-East-2026--kIzNfL9kh/default.aspx",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Riyad",
   "pays": "Arabie saoudite",
   "operateur": "WeRide + Uber",
   "statut": "Courses au public depuis octobre 2025 ; sans conducteur non documenté",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://investor.uber.com/news-events/news/press-release-details/2026/WeRide-and-Uber-to-Deploy-1200-Robotaxis-in-the-Middle-East-2026--kIzNfL9kh/default.aspx",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Pékin",
   "pays": "Chine",
   "operateur": "Pony.ai",
   "statut": "Sans conducteur, zones désignées",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001969302/000110465926098113/tm2623382d1_ex99-2.htm",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Shanghai",
   "pays": "Chine",
   "operateur": "Pony.ai",
   "statut": "Sans conducteur, zones désignées",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001969302/000110465926098113/tm2623382d1_ex99-2.htm",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Canton",
   "pays": "Chine",
   "operateur": "Pony.ai",
   "statut": "Sans conducteur, zones désignées",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001969302/000110465926098113/tm2623382d1_ex99-2.htm",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Shenzhen",
   "pays": "Chine",
   "operateur": "Pony.ai",
   "statut": "Sans conducteur, zones désignées",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001969302/000110465926098113/tm2623382d1_ex99-2.htm",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Hangzhou",
   "pays": "Chine",
   "operateur": "Pony.ai",
   "statut": "Ouvert en mars 2026 ; mode non précisé",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001969302/000110465926098113/tm2623382d1_ex99-2.htm",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Changsha",
   "pays": "Chine",
   "operateur": "Pony.ai",
   "statut": "Ouvert en mars 2026 ; mode non précisé",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001969302/000110465926098113/tm2623382d1_ex99-2.htm",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Zagreb",
   "pays": "Croatie",
   "operateur": "Pony.ai + Verne + Uber",
   "statut": "Service commercial depuis le printemps 2026 ; présence d'un superviseur non précisée",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://www.electrive.com/2026/08/15/pony-ai-and-uber-plan-over-2000-robotaxis-in-europe/",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Londres",
   "pays": "Royaume-Uni",
   "operateur": "Wayve + Uber",
   "statut": "Supervisé : conducteur licencié TfL à bord, depuis le 03/09/2026",
   "payant": "oui",
   "source": "https://investor.uber.com/news-events/news/press-release-details/2026/Wayve-and-Uber-Launch-First-Ever-Autonomous-Rides-in-the-UK-2026-VoFQI1WbQi/default.aspx",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Hambourg",
   "pays": "Allemagne",
   "operateur": "Volkswagen MOIA",
   "statut": "Pilote : 10 ID. Buzz, conducteur de sécurité, passagers préinscrits",
   "payant": "non précisé",
   "source": "https://vision-mobility.de/en/news/volkswagen-and-moia-is-the-german-robotaxi-project-about-to-be-scrapped-395262.html",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Munich",
   "pays": "Allemagne",
   "operateur": "Waymo",
   "statut": "Annoncé pour fin 2027, aucun permis",
   "payant": "—",
   "source": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/08/25/waymo-robotaxis-are-headed-to-munich/",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  },
  {
   "ville": "Los Angeles",
   "pays": "États-Unis",
   "operateur": "MOIA + Uber",
   "statut": "Annoncé : premiers trajets fin 2026, opérateurs à bord",
   "payant": "—",
   "source": "https://vision-mobility.de/en/news/volkswagen-and-moia-is-the-german-robotaxi-project-about-to-be-scrapped-395262.html",
   "constate_le": "2026-10-26"
  }
 ],
 "maj": "2026-10-26",
 "vedette": {
  "valeur": 30,
  "unite": "lignes",
  "libelle": "Villes suivies, robotaxi"
 }
}